Mark but this flea, and mark in this,
How little that which thou deny'st me is;
It sucked me first, and now sucks thee,
And in this flea our two bloods mingled be;
Thou know'st that this cannot be said

A sin, nor shame, nor loss of maidenhead;
Yet this enjoys before it woo,And pampered 
swells with one blood made of two
,And this, alas, is more than we would do.
Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare,

Where we almost, yea, more than married are.
This flea is you and I, and this
Our marriage bed, and marriage temple is;
Though parents grudge, and you, w'are met,
And cloistered in these living walls of jet.
Though use make you apt to kill me,
Let not to that, self-murder added be,
And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.
Cruel and sudden, hastthou since

Purpled thy nail in blood of innocence?
Wherein could this flea guilty be,
Except in that drop which it sucked from thee?
Yet thou triumph'st and say'st that thou


 Analysis:


The most important theme in this poem is Marriage. The speaker is trying to seduce a woman into Marrying him. Donne simply uses a Flea as to provide the reader with a sense of imagery " The Flea" is a symbol for a union. A part of the speakers strategy of seduction is to make the woman believe that marriage is just a small The Flea is also a symbol in the fact that it contains both the blood of the male and the female making their blood one as a tactic of persuasion the speaker makes this analogy synonymous with a marriage therefore, making the actual marriage ceremony seem like its not a big deal the speaker goes as far to say "We almost, yea, more than married are." The speaker blatantly tells his Love "This flea is you and I, and thisOur marriage bed, and marriage temple is;" There is a conflict between the two who wish to marry and the parents as seen by the phrase "Though parents grudge"

Resource:
http://www.eliteskills.com/c/11880

Plot summary Of Antigone

Plot Summary




After King Oedipus was exiled from the city of Thebes when he learned that he had committed incest and patricide, his younger son Eteocles claimed that the kingship belonged to him, exiling his older brother Polyneices. Polyneices then attacked Thebes with a massive army, but neither son won because they killed each other in battle. The new Theban king, Creon, declares that Eteocles will be buried and honored as a hero while Polyneices' body will rot away and be eaten by dogs in disgrace; the penalty for trying to bury the body is death. Hearing this news, an angry Antigone insists that her brother's body must be buried so that his spirit can rest in peace, in spite of the cautious advice of her younger sister, Ismene.
Antigone goes to the battlefield in front of Thebes, pouring sand over Polyneices' body and performing burial rites. She allows herself to be captured after coming out of hiding when some guards try to brush off the dust, and a defiantAntigone is brought to Creon. Stunned that a woman would dare to disobey his orders, he imprisons both Antigone and Ismene as an accomplice, declaring that they shall be executed. Soon after, Creon's son Haemon pleads for Antigone 's release because he is engaged to marry her, although his arrogant father mocks him, ignoring his worries. An angry Haemon runs away, hurt that his father has treated him like this.
Then Creon changes his mind abruptly, deciding to execute only Antigone since Ismene's innocence is clear, and the older sister is thus sent outside of Thebes to starve to death in a cave. While Antigone is suffering this unfortunate fate, the blind prophet Teiresias warns Creon that the gods are very angry that he has refused burial for Polyneices, since the very same dogs and birds that eat his flesh are later used for sacrifices. As a result, Creon's son will die in punishment, he declares. Mocking Teiresias, Creon does not listen to this advice, saying that Teiresias just wants to scare him. However, he finally agrees to bury the slain man after the Chorus of Theban citizens reminds him that Teiresias has never been wrong about anything.
Now worried about his son, Creon washes Polyneices' body, performs burial rites, and cremates the body's remains. Then he goes to freeAntigone from the cave where she is imprisoned, but it is too late to avoid tragedy: she has hung herself by a rope, and Haemon stands weeping beneath her. After trying to attack Creon, Haemon stabs himself and dies holdingAntigone 's body in his arms. A broken man, Creon returns to the palace only to learn that his wife Eurydice has also commited suicide after learning about her son's death. Creon is led away by his citizens, lamenting, wishing for the release from suffering that only death can give him. The story of Antigone focuses on the role of the ruler in a city, providing a model for all of the bad qualities that a king should not have, lest he be punished terribly as Creon was in the end. Moreover, the gods must always be respected by everyone.






__________


Characters:


Oedipus: king of thebes, killed his father, married his mother.


Iocasta: The former queen of Thebes and Oedipus' mother.


Polyneices: The oldest son of Oedipus. After his younger brother Eteocles unjustly claims the Theban throne for himself. He dies in battle, and Creon declares him to be a traitor, forbidding burial upon penalty of death.


Eteocles: The youngest son of Oedipus. with the support of Creon and exiles his brother. Polyneices kills him in battle, and his body receives a full burial at the order of Creon.


Antigone: The oldest daughter of Oedipus. After Antigone's brothers die in battle, Creon forbids burial for the elder Polyneices because he dared to attack Thebes. Pitying him, Antigone disregards the advice of her younger sister Ismene to obey Creon's decree and covers Polyneices' body in dust.


Ismene: The youngest daughter of Oedipus. She tells Antigone to obey Creon's decree, but her sister does not listen. After Antigone is captured and sentenced to die, Ismene insists that she helped commit the crime, because she wants to die with her.


Creon: Iocasta's brother and King of Thebes. After the deaths of both Theban princes, Polyneices and Eteocles, Creon claims the throne for himself because he is the former queen's brother. Antigone, his son Haemon, and his wife Eurydice all commit suicide. Creon is left humbled but heartbroken, incapable of even walking without someone to support him.


Haemon: Creon's youngest son. When Antigone is sentenced to death, Haemon warns Creon that many Thebans believe that she should live.


Teiresias: A blind old prophet. Many years earlier Teiresias had warned the Theban king Oedipus that he was guilty of incest and patricide, but Oedipus had heeded his warning too late.

و اين منم زني تنها / در آستانه فصلي سرد

"من پري كوچك غمگيني را مي شناسم كه در اقانوسي مسكن دارد" ، فروغ در یافته بود که آن شعله بنفش که در ذهن پاک پنجره ها می سوخت، چیزی به جز تصور معصومی از چراغ نبود. او مدت هاست که از ما چراغ و آب و آینه طلب می کند. آیا برایش چراغ آورده ایم؟! او از نهایت شب حرف می زند. او سرد است و عریان و چنان پر است که روی صدایش نماز می خوانند. به خاطر بسپاریم که تکه تکه شدن راز آن وجود متحدی است که از حقیرترین ذره هایش آفتاب به دنیا خواهد آمد، و بیایید "ایمان بیاوریم به آغاز فصل سرد."

---------------------

صدا، صدا، تنها صدا

صدای خواهش شفاف آب به جاری شدن

صدای ریزش نور ستاره بر جدار مادگی خاک

صدای انعقاد نطفه ی معنی

و بسط ذهن مشترک عشق

صدا، صدا، صدا، تنها صداست که می ماند

--------------------

 

حرفی به من بزن

من در پناه پنجره ام

با آفتاب رابطه دارم...

---------------------

و این منم

زنی تنها

در آستانه ی فصلی سرد

در ابتدای درک هستی آلوده ی زمین...

--------------------

 

من از نهایت شب حرف می زنم

من از نهایت تاریکی

و از نهایت شب حرف می زنم

اگر به خانه من آمدی برای من ای مهربان چراغ بیار

و یک دریچه که از آن

به ازدحام کوچه خوشبخت بنگرم.

 ----------------------------------------------

 

a little about Forough:

Forugh (also spelled as Forough) was born in Tehran to career military

officer Colonel Mohammad Bagher Farrokhzad and his wife Touran
Vaziri-Tabar in 1935. She was the third of seven children (Amir,
Massoud, Mehrdad, Fereydon, Pouran, Gloria) and attended school until
the ninth grade, then learning painting and sewing at a girl's school
for the manual arts. At age sixteen or seventeen she was married to
Parviz Shapour, an acclaimed satirist. Forugh continued her education
with classes in painting and sewing and moved with her husband to Ahvaz.
A few years later, she had her only child .


Within two years, in 1954, Forough and her husband divorced. Parviz won
custody of the child. She moved back to Tehran to write poetry and
published her first volume, entitled The Captive, in 1955.

Forough, as a female divorcأ writing controversial poetry with a strong
feminine voice, became the focus of much negative attention and open
disapproval. In 1958 she spent nine months in Europe and met
film-maker/writer Ebrahim Golestan, who inspired her to express herself
and live independently. She published two more volumes, The Wall and The
Rebellion before going to Tabriz to make a film about Iranians affected
by leprosy. This 1962 film was called The House is Black and won awards
world-wide. During 12 days of shooting, she became attached to Hossein
Mansouri, the child of two lepers, whom she adopted and had live in her
mother's house.

In 1963 she published the volume Another Birth and by now her poetry was
mature and sophisticated, also being a profound change from previous
modern Iranian poetic conventions.

On February 13, 1967, at 4:30 pm, Forough died in a car accident at age
thirty-two. In order to avoid hitting a school bus, she swerved her
Jeep, which hit a stone wall; she died before reaching the hospital. Her
poem Let us believe in the beginning of the cold season was published
posthumously and is considered the best-structured modern poem in Persian.

نوشته ي زير بخشي از شعر شاعر "مهدي عاطف راد" هست كه به مناسبت ساگرد وفات فروغ خوانده شد.

برخیز و برای عاشقان نغمه بخوان

ما را ز اسارت زمستان برهان

برخیز ز جا، "تولدی دیگر" یاب

شد موسم "فتح باغ" ای سرو جوان.

  

برخیز که بی گرمی تو دلسردیم

ایمان به شروع فصل سرد آوردیم

دلگرمی ما تویی ، تو ای آتش عشق

ما در شب کینه مهر تو پروردیم.

برخیز و فروغ مهربانی ها باش

گلبانگ رسای همزبانی ها باش

بر تشنه لبان بشارت باران ده

بر رویش غنچه مژدگانی ها باش.

Resources:

http://www.atefrad.org – Mehdy Atef R`ad.

http://forough-farrokhzad.blogspot.com

 

Cross

Cross
By Langston Hughes
1926

 

My old man's a white old man

And my old mother's black.

If ever I cursed my white old man

I take my curses back.

If ever I cursed my black old mother

And wished she were in hell,

I'm sorry for that evil wish

And now I wish her well.

My old man died in a fine big house.

My ma died in a shack.

I wonder where I'm gonna die,

Being neither white nor black?

 Analysis:

..The title of the poem contains several meanings, all of which underscore the main theme: the inner turmoil the speaker feels because of his (or her) mixed racial heritage. These meanings include the following: 
 
Anger: The speaker has been angry, or "cross," with his father and mother for passing on to him an amalgam of genes. After his anger subsides, he forgives them but remains in turmoil over his mixed heritage.
Burden: The speaker "carries a cross," his mixed racial heritage.
Crucifix: The speaker hangs nailed to a cross, like Christ, suffering persecution even though he has done no wrong. 
Traversal: The speaker "crosses over" from anger to forgiveness, leaving behind his bitterness.
Crossroad: After forgiving his father and mother, the speaker stands at a crossroad. The road to the right is for white people. The road to the left is for black people. But he must go straight, into an uncertain future.
Crossbreed: The speaker is a mulatto.


 resource:
http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/Guides4/cross.html

داستان "به كي سلام كنم" روايت دردناك زني به نام كوكب خانم هست. كوكب خانم و شوهرش حاج اسماعيل از طبقه پايين اجتماعي هستند. كوكب خانم بعد از، از دست دادن شوهرش حاج اسماعيل با سختي هاي زيادي مواجه مي شود. فرزند آنها ربابه با شوهري بد اخلاق در خانواده اي كاملا مرد سالار ازدواج مي كند. ربابه صاحب دو فرزند به نام مسعود و منصور مي شود. كوكب خانم براي ديدن نوه و دخترش گاهي به ديدن آنها مي رود اما پي مي برد كه دخترش زندگي سختي را با شوهرش دارد، خانواده مرد سالار دامادش ربابه را بسيار آزار مي دهد. حتي بعد از مدتي داماد كوكب خانم به او ديگر اجازه نمي دهد كه به خانه آنها سر بزند. كوكب خانم سالهاي آخر عمر خود را به تماشاي بارش برف، همنشيني با عنكبوت و تنهايي خود سر مي كند.

نقد داستان:

نویسنده در این داستان از تکنیک تک گویی درونی به خوبی استفاده کرده است و توانسته است با استفاده ازاین تکنیک ، متناسب با تجربه های زیسته شخصیت اصلی داستان که یک زن است ، فضای تجربی زنانه ای در داستان فراهم آورد و با ایجاد حس سمپاتی میان خواننده و شخصیت اصلی داستان ، خواننده را در این تجربه ها سهیم کند و با هنرمندی این تجربه های زندگی زنان را فارغ از سنت داستان نویسی مردانه ، بیان کند .

یکی از شاخصه های این داستان شخصیت پردازی آن است که از خلال تلفیق تک گویی درونی کوکب با روایت دانای کل محدود ، به خوبی شکل  گرفته است. کوکب سلطان زنی تنهاست که به شدت در تقابل با موقعیت اجتماعی خویش است و این تقابل به تنهایی او در سراسر داستان دامن زده است . او آنقدر تنهاست که رفاقت با عنکبوت را غنیمت می شمارد. بعد از گم شدن همسرش نقش او را نیز در زندگی به عهده می گیرد و حتی شغل او را نیز. او زنی سنتی بوده است که در اثر معاشرت با خانم مدیر و به تاسی از او ، دچار تغییر سبک زندگی از"زنِ زن"  به "زنِ مرد"

( Androgyny)می شود و از نقش جنسیتی مقرر خود فراتر می رود و لحن معترض او در سراسر داستان از تقابل این تغییر سبک با موقعیت اجتماعی خود و دخترش ناشی می شود.

خانم مدیر از جمله شخصیت های مهم و تاثیر گذار داستان است . او نمونه ی یک (Modern woman) است. زن امروزی به تعبیر سیمون دوبووار که در سطح یک مرد می اندیشد و عمل می کند و کوکب سلطان تحت تاثیر اوست. حتی تاثیر شخصیت او را بر حاج اسمعیل نیز می بینیم.حاج اسمعیل نیز شخصیت ( Androgyny) دارد. کوکب خطاب به دخترش می گوید : "پدرت تو را قنداق می کرد ، لالایی می خواند ،

می شستت و به گردشت می برد..." در داستان او مردی است که زن وجودش را زندگی می کند وبه همین دلیل تنها نکته ی شیرین زندگی کوکب در داستان فلش بک هایی است به خاطرات شیرین او با حاج اسمعیل . در عوض ربابه شخصیتی است که در داستان تابع و منفعل است.

 او کاملا به تعبیر سیمون دوبووار ، جنس دوم ( second sex ) است و همان "دیگری" است . بدون استقلال مادی و شخصیتی است و هویت او در سایه ی مردی که نان آور دو بچه اش است ، تعریف می شود.استدلال او در برابر اعتراض مادرش به وضعیت او این است که صاحب دو بچه است و چه می تواند بکند.در واقع تصویر زن فرشته گون و از پیش ساخته شده ی "مادر" از او زنی ساخته است که تمام ناملایمات را تحمل می کند و عملا شیوه ی زندگی اش در داستان یک خود زنی به تمام معناست. داماد کوکب نیز یک شخصیت" مردِ مرد" است و شکاف جنسیتی بین او و ربابه تا آخر داستان باقیست و گویی هر لحظه عمیق تر می شود و در قالب شخصیت ایستایش در داستان باقی می ماند.

 کوکب بسیار تلاش می کند که فرزندش را از شرایطش آگاه کند اما در نهایت این جامعه ی مردسالار است که در قالب دامادش پیروز میدان است و ربابه برای ایفای نقش مادر و همسر فرشته گون در خانواده تن به هرذلتی می دهد و از قضا چنان که در داستان می بینیم خانم مدیر خانوادهای ندارد و این شاید نقدی بر ساختار خانواده باشد.  به طور کلی زنان در این داستان برای رسیدن به آزادی با موانع زیادی روبرو هستند .

 در داستان چند بار به نقل از خانم مدیرشرایط حال زنان بسیاردشوار و بد ترسیم می شود :"سعی داری ربابه را از طبقه ی خودش دربیاوری ، دیگر نمی دانی زن از طبقه ی زحمت کش است" و یا در جایی دیگر می گوید : " هر طور که حساب کنیم زن معناً از طبقه ی زحمت کش است ."

اما تصویر پایانی داستان که کمک کردن زن و مرد جوان به کوکب است ، نوید آینده ای روشن است. نویسنده با استفاده از تکنیک نشان دادن به جای گفتن ، به زیبایی با شرح لباس های این دو جوان ، تصویری مدرن و امروزی از آنان می سازد  و شاید آرزوی زمانه را از زبان کوکب سلطان ، بیان می کند ، آنجا که در ذهن او نفوذ میکند و به جای او خیال می کند : "...خیال کرد که این جوان دامادی است که آرزو داشت ، داشته باشد و این زن دختر خودش است .... " و این تصویر پایانی می تواند آغاز یک حرکت باشد و به قول محسن نامجو : " شــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــاید که آینده از آن ِ ما...."

منبع:

نويسنده نقد: زهرا عبدي

http://naghed86.blogfa.com/post-1.aspx

مناظره بين فروغ فرخ زاد و مصدق

شاعر حميد مصدق (1343) يك شعر با عنوان "تو به من خنديدي"  سرود و فروغ فرخ زاد شاعر پر آوازه ي معاصر سالها بعد در جواب شعر مصدق شعري نوشت. در شعر مصدق عاشقي براي معشوقش از باغ سيبي مي چينه، اما در حالي كه معشوق به چهره ي عاشق نگاه مي كرد، در عين تعجب مي بينه كه عاشق پا به فرار گذاشت، معشوق تا مدت ها از رفتن عاشق آزرده خاطر مي مونه و در جايي مي گه  " و تو رفتي و هنوز سالهاست كه در گوش من آرام آرام، خش خش گام تو تكرار كنان مي دهد آزارم"....      – اما به هر حال سالها بعد فروغ به مصدق جواب مي ده و مي گه كه همه ي اينها فقط سوء تفاهم بود....   اولين بار كه اين شعرو خوندم فكر كردن پيام آموزنده اين شعر اينه كه هر كسي تو خونش يك درخت سيب بكاره!

تو به من خنديدي

و نمي دانستي من به چه دلهره از باغچه همسايه

سيب را دزديدم

 باغبان از پي من تند دويد

سيب را دست تو ديد

غضب آلود به من كرد نگاه

سيب دندان زده از دست تو افتاد به خاك

و تو رفتي و هنوز

سالهاست كه در گوش من آرام آرام

خش خش گام تو تكرار كنان مي دهد آزارم

و من انديشه كنان غرق در اين پندارم

كه چرا باغچه كوچك ما سيب نداشت؟

___________________________________________ 

"جواب زيباي فروغ فرخ زاد به حميد مصدق"

*من به تو خنديدم چون كه مي دانستم

تو به چه دلهره از باغچه همسايه سيب را دزديدي

پدرم از پي تو تند دويد

و نمي دانستي باغبان باغچه همسايه پدر پير من است

من به تو خنديدم تا كه با خنده تو پاسخ عشق تو را خالصانه بدهم

بغض چشمان تو ليك

لرزه انداخت به دستان من و سيب دندان زده از دست من افتاد به خاك

دل من گفت: برو

چون نمي خواست به خاطر بسپارد گريه تلخ تو را...

و من رفتم و هنوز سالهاست كه در ذهن من آرام آرام

حيرت و بغض تو تكرار كنان مي دهد آزارم

و من انديشه كنان غرق در اين پندارم

كه چه مي شد اگر باغچه خانه ما سيب نداشت

When my love swears that she is made of truth

I do believe her, though I know she lies,
That she might think me some untutor'd youth, 

Unlearned in the world's false subtleties.
Thus vainly thinking that she thinks me young, 

Although she knows my days are past the best,
Simply I credit her false speaking tongue: 

On both sides thus is simple truth suppress'd.
But wherefore says she not she is unjust? 

And wherefore say not I that I am old?
O, love's best habit is in seeming trust, 

And age in love loves not to have years told: 

Therefore I lie with her and she with me,
 And in our faults by lies we flatter'd be. 

ANALYSIS

lies (2): meaning both "tells lies" and "lies (has sex) with other men." That (3): So that.
vainly (5): wrongly.
Simply (7): i.e., Like a simpleton.
credit (7): believe.
wherefore (9): why.
unjust (9): dishonest (about her fidelity).
habit (11): guise.
age in love (12): older lovers.
Therefore I lie...me (13): Notice again the double meaning of lie. The line can also be interpreted as "That is why I sleep with her and she with me."

In Sonnet 138 the poet candidly reveals both the nature of his relationship with the dark lady and the insecurities he has about growing older. Unlike his intense yet healthy love affair with the young man, the poet's fling with his mistress is (for now) uncomplicated and practical, fulfilling his most basic needs of both sexual pleasure and continual reassurance that he is still worthy of love despite his age. So emotionally detached is the poet from his mistress that he prefers simply to ignore her lying and adultery. The poet's glib indifference toward his mistress is startling, particularly when juxtaposed with his profound concern for the young man, who cannot even be the subject of a rival poet's work without rendering him "tongue-tied" and "faint" 

resource


Maybe we also cam make Shakespeare surprised by commenting on the nice poem...

به كي سلام كنم؟

Hello all,

Thanks to Prof. Hami we gave the Audio CD of the story to the Internet Coffe next to Bahmany`s Book shop. you can order the CD from that Internet coffee.

Here i am leaving the Link of the file to download. you also can leave comments, ask or discuss about the story.

i couldn`t find the book "cheraghha ra man khamosh mikonam By Pirzad". if it happened to you to download the PDF file, or the book of the story plzzz put us in the picture.

Pdf of "be ki salam konam"

Free discussion of Prof. Hami`s Class: Who kows More?

As you know we have to discuss about the topic " who knows more" on Prof Hami`s class the day after tomorrow.

who knows more? the one who is educated or experienced?

"" By education, We can know many things. We know that triangles only have three sides. We know that you can add two numbers together and get a logical result. We know that gravity causes objects thrown in the air to return to the ground..." But how about the Metaphysics? who is capable to know more about it? 

what is your idea? 

Arya